Pinus koraiensis
| Pinus koraiensis | |
| Light: |  |
| Moisture: |   |
| Hardiness: | 3 |
| Soil pH: | 5.6-7.3 |
| Evergreen Cross Pollinated | |
| Height: | 66' |
| Speed: | Moderate |
| Blooms: | Late Spring |
| Open Woods Forest | |
| Native to: | |
| Edible Rating: |  |
| Medicinal Rating: |  |
| Tea: | Yes |
 | |
Pinus koraiensis (common name: korean nut pine)
Propagation: It is best to sow the seed in individual pots in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe if this is possible otherwise in late winter. A short stratification of 6 weeks at 4°c can improve the germination of stored seed[1]. Plant seedlings out into their permanent positions as soon as possible and protect them for their first winter or two[2]. Plants have a very sparse root system and the sooner they are planted into their permanent positions the better they will grow[K]. Trees should be planted into their permanent positions when they are quite small, between 30 and 90cm[3]. We actually plant them out when they are about 5 - 10cm tall. So long as they are given a very good weed-excluding mulch they establish very well[K]. Larger trees will check badly and hardly put on any growth for several years. This also badly affects root development and wind resistance[3].
Cuttings. This method only works when taken from very young trees less than 10 years old. Use single leaf fascicles with the base of the short shoot. Disbudding the shoots some weeks before taking the cuttings can help. Cuttings are normally slow to grow away[4].
Cultivation: Thrives in a light well-drained sandy or gravelly loam[5][2]. Dislikes poorly drained moorland soils[5]. Established plants tolerate drought[3]. This species prefers a cool moist climate[4].
Leaf secretions inhibit the germination of seeds, thereby inhibiting the growth of other plants below the tree[6].
This species is sometimes cultivated for its edible seed, there are some named varieties[7]. It is one of the main species utilized for its edible seeds[3], being gathered from cultivated and wild trees. Large quantities of the seeds are exported as a food crop from N. China[7]. Plants bear cones when they are 3.5 metres tall in Cornwall[8].
Trees are slow growing when young[2][4]. Growth in the south-east of Britain is generally poor but trees in the west and north are healthy and growing well with average annual height increases of around 25cm and girth increases of 3cm or more[9].
Plants are strongly outbreeding, self-fertilized seed usually grows poorly[3]. They hybridize freely with other members of this genus[3]. The cones do not open, seed is extracted by breaking up the soft scales of the cone[3].
Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus[3].
Range: E. Asia - China, Korea, Manchuria, Siberia.
Habitat: Dry mountain slopes, especially those facing north, to 2600 metres[10][11].
Edibility: Seed - raw or cooked. Rich in oil[12][2][13][14][10][4]. A soft texture with a hint of resin in the flavour, it makes a delicious snack and can also be used as a staple food[K]. The seed can also be dried and ground into a powder then used as a flavouring and thickener in soups etc[7]. Fairly large, the seeds are up to16mm x 12mm[3].
A vanillin flavouring is obtained as a by-product of other resins that are released from the pulpwood[3].
Medicinal: The seed contains several medically active compounds and is analgesic, antibacterial and antiinflammatory[15]. It is used in Korea in the treatment of earache, epistaxis and to promote milk flow in nursing mothers[15].
The turpentine obtained from the resin of all pine trees is antiseptic, diuretic, rubefacient and vermifuge[16]. It is a valuable remedy used internally in the treatment of kidney and bladder complaints and is used both internally and as a rub and steam bath in the treatment of rheumatic affections[16]. It is also very beneficial to the respiratory system and so is useful in treating diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints such as coughs, colds, influenza and TB[16]. Externally it is a very beneficial treatment for a variety of skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns, boils etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices, herbal steam baths and inhalers[16].
The stem bark is used in the treatment of burns and skin ailments[17].
Usage: A tan or green dye is obtained from the needles[18].
The seeds are a source of soap and lubricating oil[19].
Tannin is obtained from the bark[19].
The needles contain a substance called terpene, this is released when rain washes over the needles and it has a negative effect on the germination of some plants, including wheat[20].
Yields turpentine and tar[10]. Oleo-resins are present in the tissues of all species of pines, but these are often not present in sufficient quantity to make their extraction economically worthwhile[21]. The resins are obtained by tapping the trunk, or by destructive distillation of the wood[16][21]. In general, trees from warmer areas of distribution give the higher yields[21]. Turpentine consists of an average of 20% of the oleo-resin[21] and is separated by distillation[16][21]. Turpentine has a wide range of uses including as a solvent for waxes etc, for making varnish, medicinal etc[16]. Rosin is the substance left after turpentine is removed. This is used by violinists on their bows and also in making sealing wax, varnish etc[16]. Pitch can also be obtained from the resin and is used for waterproofing, as a wood preservative etc.
Wood. Used for construction and carpentry[10][4]. The timber is used for construction, bridge building, vehicles, furniture, and wood pulp[19].
Pollinators: Wind
Notes: If we bought in seed we could probably supply it in the next catalogue.
Soil: Can grow in light and medium soils.
Drainage: Prefers well drained soil.
In Leaf: Evergreen
Seed Ripens: Early Fall
Flower Type: Monoecious
Known Hazards: The wood, sawdust and resins from various species of pine can cause dermatitis in sensitive people[22].
Also Known As: P. mandschurica.
Links
References
- ↑ McMillan-Browse, Philip. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books, 1985.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Bean, William. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Murray, 1981.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Huxley, Anthony. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press, 1992.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Rushforth, Keith. Conifers. Batsford, 1991.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chittendon, Fred. RHS Dictionary of Plants. Oxford University Press, 1951.
- ↑ Philbrick, Helen and Richard Gregg. Companion Plants. Watkins, 1979.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Facciola, Stephen. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, 1990.
- ↑ Thurston, Edgar. Trees and Shrubs in Cornwall. Cambridge University Press, 1930.
- ↑ Mitchell, Alan. Conifers in the British Isles. Stationery Office Books, 1975.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Komarov, Vladimir. Flora of the USSR. Gantner Verlag, 1968.
- ↑ Royal Horticultural Society. The Plantsman Vol. 2. 1980 - 1981. Royal Horticultural Society, 1980.
- ↑ Hedrick, Ulysses. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications, 1972.
- ↑ Uphof, Johannes. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim, 1959.
- ↑ Howes, Frank. Nuts. Faber, 1948.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Medicinal Plants in the Republic of Korea. World Health Organisation, 1998.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 Grieve, Margaret. A Modern Herbal. Penguin, 1984.
- ↑ Duke, James and Edward Ayensu. Medicinal Plants of China. Reference Publications, 1985.
- ↑ Grae, Ida. Nature's Colors. MacMillan Publishing, 1974.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Flora of China. 1994.
- ↑ Allardice, Pamela. A-Z of Companion Planting. Cassell Publishers, 1993.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Howes, Frank. Vegetable Gums and Resins. Chronica Botanica, 1949.
- ↑ Foster, Steven and Billy Tatum. Medicinal Plants of Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin, 1990.