Lysichiton americanus
| Lysichiton americanus | |
| Light: |   |
| Moisture: |  |
| Hardiness: | 6 |
| Soil pH: | 5.6-8.4 |
| Height: | 3' |
| Width: | 2' |
| Speed: | Slow |
| Blooms: | Mid Spring |
| Open Woods Forest | |
| Native to: | |
| Edible Rating: |  |
| Medicinal Rating: |  |
| Tea: | Yes |
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Lysichiton americanus (common name: yellow skunk cabbage)
Propagation: The seed is best sown as soon as it is ripe in pots in a cold frame[1]. Keep very moist, preferably by emmersing the pot in 2 -3 cm of water[2]. Germination is usually good, taking place within 1 - 2 months at 15°c[1]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in trays of water in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts.
Division in the middle of autumn or mid to late winter, but no later than this because the plant will be coming into growth.
Cultivation: Requires a wet or damp humus-rich soil in full sun or semi-shade[2]. Plants often do not flower when grown in the shade[3]. Grows well by water or in the bog garden[4]. Succeeds in shallow water and also in still or flowing water[5].
Hardy to at least -15°c[2].
Young plants require protection from slugs[6].
Plants are slow to establish at first, taking some years, but can then become naturalized and often self-sow[2]. The flowers have an unpleasant aroma[6] which is rather like a combination of skunk, carrion and garlic[7]. This smell attracts flies and midges in great numbers to pollinate the flowers and so spiders tend to like making their webs in the plant so they can catch lots of food[7].
Hybridizes with L. camtschatcense[2].
Range: Western N. America. Sometimes naturalized in Britain.
Habitat: Open swamps and wet woods near the coast[8], rarely flowering if in the shade[3].
Edibility: Young shoots - these must be thoroughly cooked otherwise they are poisonous[9]. The native North American Indian tribes would cook them in several changes of water, the end result being a tasteless mush[9].
The leaves can be dried then powdered and used as a thickening agent[10].
Older leaves have been used to wrap up food that was being baked. The leaves would impart a pleasant flavouring to the food[11].
Young flower stalks - cooked[10]. Only used when there was a shortage of other foods, the stalks must be thoroughly cooked or else they are poisonous[10]. It is said that no more than three stalks should be consumed at one meal[11].
Root - cooked. It must be thoroughly cooked or dried before use, otherwise it is poisonous[12][13][14][15]. Rich in starch, a flour can be made from the dried and ground root[16]. The root has a hot flavour, somewhat like ginger[10]. The root is best harvested in the autumn[10].
Medicinal: Antispasmodic, styptic[12][9].
Yellow skunk cabbage was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who used it mainly as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints[11]. It is little, if at all, used in modern herbalism. Caution is advised, especially if using the plant internally, see the notes above on toxicity.
A poultice of roots has been applied to swellings, sores, boils, burns and rheumatic joints[11].
A poultice of the heated blossoms has been applied to rheumatic joints[11].
A poultice of the leaves has been applied to scrofulous sores, burns, cuts, swellings and chest pains[11]. Heated leaves have been applied tot he body in order to draw out splinters and thorns[11]. The leaves have also been used as a general tonic in a herbal sweat bath[11].
The raw root has been chewed by women in order to secure an abortion[11]. A decoction of the root has been drunk as a blood purifier[11].
Usage: The leaves are large and water repellent, they can be used as a 'waxed paper' and also for lining fruit baskets etc and for wrapping food in for baking[3][10]. They were also folded and used as containers for collecting berries, as drinking cups and as a covering or mat for food that was being dried[11].
The plants have very large leaves and form a slowly spreading clump. They can be grown as a ground cover, spaced about 1 metre apart each way[17].
Pollinators: Insects
Soil: Can grow in light, medium, and heavy soils.
Seed Ripens: Early Summer-Mid Summer
Flower Type: Hermaphrodite
Known Hazards: The plant is rich in calcium oxylate, this is toxic and if consumed makes the mouth and digestive tract feel as though hundreds of needles are being stuck into it. However, calcium oxylate is easily destroyed by thoroughly cooking or drying the plant[9]
Links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rice, Graham. Growing from Seed Volume 2. Thompson and Morgan, 1988.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Huxley, Anthony. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press, 1992.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Turner, Nancy. Plants in British Columbian Indian Technology. British Columbia Provincial Museum, 1979.
- ↑ Chittendon, Fred. RHS Dictionary of Plants. Oxford University Press, 1951.
- ↑ Brickell, Christopher. The RHS Gardener's Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers. Dorling Kindersley Publishers, 1990.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Phillips, Roger and Martyn Rix. Perennials - The Definitve Reference. Pan Books, 1991.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Genders, Roy. Scented Flora of the World. Robert Hale, 1994.
- ↑ Munz, David. A California Flora. University of California Press, 1959.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Schofield, Janice. Discovering Wild Plants.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Turner, Nancy. Food Plants of Coastal First Peoples. UBC Press Vancouver, 1995.
- ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 Moerman, Daniel. Native American Ethnobotany. Timber Press, 1998.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Usher, George. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable, 1974.
- ↑ Tanaka, Tyōzaburō. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing, 1976.
- ↑ Gunther, Erna. Ethnobotany of Western Washington. University of Washington Press, 1981.
- ↑ Coffey, Timothy. The History and Folklore of North American Wild Flowers. Facts on File, 1993.
- ↑ Davis, Ray and Frank Craighead. A Field Guide to Rocky Mountain Wildflowers. The Riverside Press, 1963.
- ↑ Thomas, Graham. Plants for Ground Cover. Everyman, 1990.