Fritillaria verticillata
| Fritillaria verticillata | |
| Light: |   |
| Moisture: |   |
| Hardiness: | 5 |
| Soil pH: | 5.6-8.4 |
| Height: | 2' |
| Width: | 0.3' |
| Blooms: | Early Spring-Late Spring |
| Native to: | |
| Edible Rating: |  |
| Medicinal Rating: |  |
| Tea: | Yes |
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Fritillaria verticillata
Propagation: Seed - best sown as soon as ripe in a cold frame, it should germinate in the spring[1]. Protect from frost[2]. Stored seed should be sown as soon as possible and can take a year or more to germinate[2]. Sow the seed quite thinly to avoid the need to prick out the seedlings. Once they have germinated, give them an occasional liquid feed to ensure that they do not suffer mineral deficiency. Once they die down at the end of their second growing season, divide up the small bulbs, planting 2 - 3 to an 8cm deep pot. Grow them on for at least another year in light shade in the greenhouse before planting them out whilst dormant.
Division of offsets in August[1]. The larger bulbs can be planted out direct into their permanent positions, but it is best to pot up the smaller bulbs and grow them on in a cold frame for a year before planting them out in the autumn.
Bulb scales[3].
Cultivation: Prefers a moist peaty soil in the open garden[4]. Easily grown in a moderately fertile soil in sun or semi-shade[5]. Succeeds in drier soils and is drought tolerant when established[6].
The scaly bulbs are best planted on their sides or surrounded in sand to prevent water collecting in their hollow crowns[7].
Cultivated as a medicinal plant in Japan[4], the sub-species F. verticillata thunbergii. Baker. is most often used[8]. (this species is now known as F. thunbergii. q.v.).
Plants take 3 - 5 years to flower from seed.
Range: E. Asia - China, Siberia.
Habitat: Stony and dry slopes from W. Siberia eastwards[9]. Hill thickets and gravelly meadows at elevations of 1300 - 2000 metres in NW Xinjiang, China[10].
Edibility: Bulb - cooked or candied[11]. The bulb is about 2cm in diameter[10].
Young plant - cooked. Used in soups[11]. Eating the young plant will greatly reduce the vigour of the bulb, and could even kill it[K].
Petals and flower buds - cooked. Used in soups[11].
Medicinal: The bulbs are antidote, antitussive, astringent, expectorant, galactogogue and purgative[12][13]. They contain fritimine which diminishes excitability of respiratory centres, paralyses voluntary movement and counters effects of opium[8]. The bulb is used internally in the treatment of coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia, feverish illnesses, abscesses etc[7]. The bulbs also have a folk history of use against cancer of the breast and lungs in China[13][7]. This remedy should only be used under the supervision of a qualified practitioner, excessive doses can cause breathing difficulties and heart failure[7].
The bulbs are harvested in the winter whilst they are dormant and are dried for later use[7].
Pollinators: Insects
Soil: Can grow in light and medium soils.
Drainage: Prefers well drained soil.
Flower Type: Hermaphrodite
Links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chittendon, Fred. RHS Dictionary of Plants. Oxford University Press, 1951.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rice, Graham. Growing from Seed Volume 2. Thompson and Morgan, 1988.
- ↑ Reed, David. Lilies and Related Plants. 1989.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Phillips, Roger and Martyn Rix. Bulbs. Pan Books, 1989.
- ↑ Huxley, Anthony. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press, 1992.
- ↑ Chatto, Beth. The Damp Garden. Dent, 1982.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Bown, Deni. Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopaedia of Herbs and Their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, 1995.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Usher, George. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable, 1974.
- ↑ Komarov, Vladimir. Flora of the USSR. Gantner Verlag, 1968.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Flora of China. 1994.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Facciola, Stephen. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, 1990.
- ↑ Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Oriental Herbs and Vegetables, Vol 39 No. 2. Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1986.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Duke, James and Edward Ayensu. Medicinal Plants of China. Reference Publications, 1985.