Corchorus olitorius
| Corchorus olitorius | |
| Light: |  |
| Moisture: |  |
| Hardiness: | 10 |
| Soil pH: | 5.6-8.4 |
| Height: | 11' |
| Speed: | Fast |
| Blooms: | Late Summer-Mid Fall |
| Native to: | |
| Edible Rating: |  |
| Medicinal Rating: |  |
| Tea: | Yes |
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Corchorus olitorius (common name: jew's mallow)
Propagation: Seed - sow spring in a greenhouse. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out in late spring, after the last expected frosts[1].
In areas with hot summers it should be possible to sow the seed in situ in mid spring.
Cultivation: Prefers a very fertile soil and a hot humid climate[2]. Tolerates very wet conditions according to one report[3] whilst another says that it does not tolerate waterlogged soils[2]. Jute is reported to tolerate an annual precipitation between 40 and 429m,an annual average temperature range of 16.8 to 27.5°C and a pH in the range of 4.5 to 8.2[4].
Jute is sometimes cultivated for the fibre in its stem and also for its edible leaves[5]. It makes an excellent spinach substitute in areas with hot summers[5]. This species is not hardy in Britain but it can be grown as a half-hardy annual here, though it grows much better in areas that are warmer than typical summers in this country[6].
Some reports say that this plant is an annual whilst one says that it is perennial. Since the plant is not hardy in Britain we can only grow it as an annual.
This species is very closely related to C. capsularis
Range: Tropical Asia?
Habitat: Original habitat is obscure.
Edibility: Leaves - raw or cooked[7][6][8][9]. Young leaves are added to salads whilst older leaves are cooked as a pot-herb[10][5][4]. High in protein[5]. The dried leaves can be used as a thickener in soups[5].
A tea is made from the dried leaves[5].
Immature fruits are added to salads or used as a potherb[5].
Medicinal: The leaves are demulcent, diuretic, febrifuge and tonic[11]. They are used in the treatment of chronic cystitis, gonorrhoea and dysuria[11]. A cold infusion is said to restore the appetite and strength[4].
The seeds are purgative[11].
Injections of olitoriside, an extract from the plant, markedly improve cardiac insufficiencies and have no cumulative attributes; hence, it can serve as a substitute for strophanthin[4].
Usage: A fibre is obtained from the stems, it is the main source of jute[8][9][1] but is considered to be inferior to the fibre obtained from C. capsularis[9]. The fibre is somewhat coarse and is used mainly for sackcloth etc[3]. The stems are harvested when the plant is in flower and are then retted (allowed to begin to rot) so that the fibre can be extracted[12]. This species tends to branch making fibre extraction more difficult[13]. Growing the plants very close together will prevent some of the branching. If used in making paper, the fibres are cooked for 2 hours with lye and then ball milled for 4½ hours. The paper is grey/buff[14]. Fibre yields run ca 800-1600 kg/ha with exceptional cases of 2400 in India, and genetic potential of 4000 kg/ha, the fibre representing ca 6% of the green weight[4]. Intercropped with Vigna, jute has yielded 3270 kg compared to 2290 monocropped[4].
The very light and soft wood is used in making sulphur matches[15].
Pollinators: Insects
Soil: Can grow in light, medium, and heavy soils.
Seed Ripens: Mid Fall
Flower Type: Hermaphrodite
Links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Huxley, Anthony. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press, 1992.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Buchanan, Rita. A Weavers Garden.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schery. Robert. Plants for Man. Prentice Hall, 1972.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Duke, James. Handbook of Energy Crops. 1983.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Facciola, Stephen. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, 1990.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Vilmorin-Andrieux. The Vegetable Garden. Ten Speed Press.
- ↑ Chittendon, Fred. RHS Dictionary of Plants. Oxford University Press, 1951.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Uphof, Johannes. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim, 1959.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Usher, George. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable, 1974.
- ↑ Hedrick, Ulysses. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications, 1972.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Chopra, R. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, 1986.
- ↑ Hill, Albert. Economic Botany. The Maple Press, 1952.
- ↑ Chakravarty, Hiralal. The Plant Wealth of Iraq. 1976.
- ↑ Bell, Lilian. Plant Fibres for Papermaking. Liliaceae Press, 1988.
- ↑ Gupta, Basant. Forest Flora of Chakrata, Dehra Dun and Saharanpur. Forest Research Institute Press, 1945.