Mahonia haematocarpa
| Mahonia haematocarpa | |
| Light: |  |
| Moisture: |   |
| Hardiness: | 8 |
| Soil pH: | 5.6-8.4 |
| Evergreen | |
| Height: | 12' |
| Blooms: | Late Spring |
| Native to: | |
| Edible Rating: |  |
| Medicinal Rating: |  |
| Tea: | Yes |
 | |
Mahonia haematocarpa (common name: mexican barberry)
Propagation: Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a greenhouse[1]. It usually germinates in the spring[K]. 'Green' seed (harvested when the embryo has fully developed but before the seed case has dried) should be sown as soon as it is harvested and germinates within 6 weeks[K]. Stored seed should be sown as soon as possible in late winter or spring. 3 weeks cold stratification will improve its germination, which should take place in 3 - 6 months at 10°c. Prick out the seedlings when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out in late spring or early summer and consider giving them some protection from the cold for their next winter.
Division of suckers in spring[1]. Whilst they can be placed direct into their permanent positions, better results are achieved if they are potted up and placed in a frame until established[2].
Leaf cuttings in the autumn.
Cultivation: Unlike most members of this genus, this species requires a dry, perfectly drained position in full sun, a gritty slightly acid soil is best[2][3]. It grows best on a sunny south facing wall in Britain[2][4] and does well in a hot, dry position[5]. It requires a position sheltered from strong or cold winds[6].
Plants are only hardy in the milder areas of the country, tolerating temperatures down to about -10°c when fully dormant[7]. The young growth in spring can be damaged by late frosts.
The flowers are fragrant[8].
A very ornamental plant[7], but it does not fruit freely in Britain, the climate is too dull[2].
This species is very closely related to M. fremontii, being distinguished by the fruit which is blue-black in M. fremontii and red in M. haematocarpa[2][9].
Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus.
Resistant to honey fungus[10].
Range: South-western N. America - Texas, Colorado, New Mexico and Mexico.
Habitat: Slopes and flats in desert shrubland, desert grassland, and dry oak woodland; 900-2300 m; Arizona., California., Colorado., Nevada., New Mexico, Tex.; Mexico[11].
Edibility: Fruit - raw or cooked[12][13]. Juicy and acidic[14], it is used mainly for making jams and jellies in N. America[2][15]. It makes an acceptable raw fruit and is especially nice when added to porridges or muesli[K]. Unfortunately, there is relatively little flesh and a lot of seeds[K].
Medicinal: Inner wood shavings can be soaked in water to make an eyewash[13].
Berberine, universally present in rhizomes of Mahonia species, has marked antibacterial effects[16] and is used as a bitter tonic[17]. Since it is not appreciably absorbed by the body, it is used orally in the treatment of various enteric infections, especially bacterial dysentery[16]. It should not be used with Glycyrrhiza species (Liquorice) because this nullifies the effects of the berberine[16]. Berberine has also shown antitumour activity[16]. The root and root bark are best harvested in the autumn[17].
Usage: A green dye is obtained from the roots[18]. Yellow according to another report[13].
A green dye is obtained from the leaves[18].
Dark green, violet and dark blue-purple dyes are obtained from the fruit[18].
Pollinators: Insects
Soil: Can grow in light, medium, and heavy soils.
Drainage: Prefers well drained soil.
In Leaf: Evergreen
Flower Type: Hermaphrodite
Also Known As: Berberis haematocarpa.
Links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sheat, Wilfrid. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. St Martin, 1948.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Bean, William. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Murray, 1981.
- ↑ Huxley, Anthony. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press, 1992.
- ↑ Thomas, Graham. Ornamental Shrubs, Climbers and Bamboos. Murray, 1992.
- ↑ Phillips, Roger and Martyn Rix. Shrubs. Pan Books, 1989.
- ↑ Davis, Brian. Climbers and Wall Shrubs. Viking, 1990.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Chittendon, Fred. RHS Dictionary of Plants. Oxford University Press, 1951.
- ↑ Genders, Roy. Scented Flora of the World. Robert Hale, 1994.
- ↑ Ahrendt, Leslie. Berberis and Mahonia. Journal of the Linnean Society, 1961.
- ↑ RHS. The Garden Volume 112. Royal Horticultural Society, 1987.
- ↑ Flora of China. 1994.
- ↑ Harrington, Harold. Edible Native Plants of the Rocky Mountains. University of New Mexico Press, 1967.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Moerman, Daniel. Native American Ethnobotany. Timber Press, 1998.
- ↑ Simmons, Alan. Growing Unusual Fruit. David and Charles, 1972.
- ↑ Facciola, Stephen. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, 1990.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Duke, James and Edward Ayensu. Medicinal Plants of China. Reference Publications, 1985.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Weiner, Michael. Earth Medicine, Earth Food. Ballantine Books, 1980.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Grae, Ida. Nature's Colors. MacMillan Publishing, 1974.