Inula helenium
| Inula helenium | |
| Light: |   |
| Moisture: |  |
| Hardiness: | 5 |
| Soil pH: | 5.6-8.4 |
| Self Pollinated | |
| Height: | 5' |
| Width: | 3' |
| Blooms: | Mid Summer-Late Summer |
| Open Woods Forest | |
| Native to: | |
| Edible Rating: |  |
| Medicinal Rating: |  |
| Tea: | Yes |
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Inula helenium (common name: elecampane)
Propagation: Seed - sow in spring or autumn in a cold frame[1]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out in the summer.
If you have sufficient seed, it could be worthwhile trying an outdoor sowing in situ in the spring.
Division in spring or autumn[2]. Fairly small pieces of root can be used, so long as each piece has a growth bud on it[1]. Very easy, larger clumps can be replanted direct into their permanent positions, though it is best to pot up smaller clumps and grow them on in a cold frame until they are rooting well. Plant them out in the spring.
Root cuttings in winter. Cut sections of root about 5cm long, place them in a warm greenhouse over the winter and they should grow away vigorously[1].
Cultivation: An easily grown plant, it grows well in moist shady positions in ordinary garden soil, though it grows best in a good loamy soil[1]. Succeeds in an ordinary garden soil in a sunny position[3]. Plants are also tolerant of considerable neglect, succeeding on our Cornwall trial ground even when left unweeded for four years[K].
Elecampane has a long history of cultivation as a medicinal herb, though it is not commonly grown nowadays[1].
When first dug up, the roots smell like ripe bananas, but as they dry they take on the scent of violets[4].
Range: S.E. Europe. Naturalized in Britain.
Habitat: Fields, waysides, waste places, copses etc[5], often on moist soils in shade[1].
Edibility: Leaves - cooked. Rather bitter and aromatic[6], they were used as a potherb by the ancient Romans[7] but are rarely used at present.
Root - candied and eaten as a sweetmeat[1][8][9][10][7]. It contains up to 44% inulin[11][12]. Inulin is a starch that cannot be digested by humans. It usually passes straight through the digestive system, though it can ferment and cause wind problems for some people[K]. Inulin can be converted into a sugar that is suitable for diabetics to eat[13].
Medicinal: Elecampane has a long history of use as a medicinal herb. A gently warming and tonic herb, it is especially effective in treating coughs, consumption, bronchitis and many other complaints of the chest as well as disorders of the digestive system[1][14][15]. A very safe herb to use, it is suitable for the old and the young and especially useful when the patient is debilitated[15]. It cleanses toxins from the body, stimulating the immune and digestive systems and treating bacterial and fungal infections[13].
The root is alterative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, cholagogue, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, mildly expectorant, gently stimulant, stomachic, tonic[1][8][14][16][46. 165][17][18][19]. It is best harvested in the autumn from plants that are two years old, and it can be dried for later use[1]. The roots should be at least 3 years old according to another report[8]. This remedy should not be prescribed for pregnant women[13].
An extract of the plant is a powerful antiseptic and bactericide, particularly effective against the organism that causes TB[20][13].
The root contains alantolactone, which is strongly anthelmintic. In a 1:1000 dilution it kills the parasitic worm Ascaris in 16 hours[18]. Alantolactone has an anti-inflammatory action, it also reduces mucous secretions and stimulates the immune system[15].
The plant is sometimes recommended as an external wash for skin inflammations and varicose ulcers, but has been known to cause allergic reactions[13].
Usage: A blue dye is obtained from the bruised and macerated root mixed with ashes and whortleberries (Vaccinium myrtillus)[1][11][21].
The root yields up to 2% of a camphor-scented essential oil, this is used as a flavouring and medicinally[11][21][13].
Pollinators: Bees, lepidoptera, self
Soil: Can grow in light, medium, and heavy soils.
Wind: Tolerates strong winds
Seed Ripens: Late Summer-Early Fall
Flower Type: Hermaphrodite
Links
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Grieve, Margaret. A Modern Herbal. Penguin, 1984.
- ↑ Sanders, Thomas. Popular Hardy Perennials. Collingridge, 1926.
- ↑ Chittendon, Fred. RHS Dictionary of Plants. Oxford University Press, 1951.
- ↑ Genders, Roy. Scented Flora of the World. Robert Hale, 1994.
- ↑ Clapham, Arthur and Tom Tootin, Edmund Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, 1962.
- ↑ Sowerby, John. The Useful Plants of Great Britain. 1862.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Facciola, Stephen. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, 1990.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Chiej, Roberto. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald, 1984.
- ↑ Vilmorin-Andrieux. The Vegetable Garden. Ten Speed Press.
- ↑ Tanaka, Tyōzaburō. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing, 1976.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Uphof, Johannes. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim, 1959.
- ↑ Chopra, R. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, 1986.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Bown, Deni. Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopaedia of Herbs and Their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, 1995.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Launert, Edmund. Edible and Medicinal Plants. Hamlyn, 1981.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Chevallier, Andrew. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Dorling Kindersley, 1996.
- ↑ Lust, John. The Herb Book. Bantam Books, 1983.
- ↑ Huxley, Anthony. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press, 1992.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Duke, James and Edward Ayensu. Medicinal Plants of China. Reference Publications, 1985.
- ↑ Foster, Steven and Billy Tatum. Medicinal Plants of Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin, 1990.
- ↑ Weiner, Michael. Earth Medicine, Earth Food. Ballantine Books, 1980.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Usher, George. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable, 1974.